![[Farid Hafez]](https://bridge.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/Screenshot-2026-05-04-at-10.45.01-AM.jpeg "Farid Hafez")
The Bridge Initiative is a multi-year research project on Islamophobia housed in Georgetown University.
The Bridge Initiative aims to disseminate original and accessible research, offers engaging analysis and commentary on contemporary issues, and hosts a wide repository of educational resources to inform the general public about Islamophobia.
Research & Resources
On the Politicization of Muslim Women’s Bodies
The politicization of women’s bodies has been a fixture in nation-building. Throughout history, women’s bodies have been used as political and ideological battlegrounds, upon which ruling elites debate and issue laws aimed at defining a nation’s identity and values. In this context, a woman’s body is not viewed as an individual human being but is…
Criminalizing Muslim agency in Europe: The case of ‘political Islam’ in Austria, Germany, and France
This article discusses the emergence of a discourse on ‘political Islam’ in the policy circles of European elites. It interprets this discourse on one hand as a manifestation of the further criminalization of Muslimness emanating from programs of countering…
India’s 2022 Anti-Muslim Yearbook: Bollywood Bigotry & Hijab Bans
India’s movie industry known as “Bollywood” has cemented itself as the world’s leading film market when it comes to selling seats (2 billion tickets sold annually). Even though India’s most famous Bollywood superstar is a Muslim actor named Shah Rukh Khan (also known by his initials SRK), the diverse birthplace of Mahatma Gandhi has found…